Smith and Wexwood (2010) reported an increase in the number of books read, whereas Gibson (2011) reported a decrease.Studies of reading in childhood have produced mixed results (Albright, Wayne, & Fortinbras, 2004 Gibson, 2011 Smith & Wexwood, 2010).In running text, you can address studies in whatever order you wish. Within parentheses, alphabetize the studies as they would appear in the reference list and separate them by semicolons. When multiple studies support what you have to say, you can include multiple citations inside the same set of parentheses. The "and" in Smith and Wexwood is written as an ampersand (&) inside parentheses and as the word and outside of parentheses, as shown in the examples above. Smith and Wexwood (2010) reported that after the intervention, children increased in the number of books read per week.After the intervention, children increased in the number of books read per week (Smith & Wexwood, 2010).
Several different systems of citation are in use in various academic communities (such as footnotes and endnotes), but APA Style uses a kind of parenthetical referencing called the author–date system.Īs the name author –date system implies, APA Style in-text citations include the author and date, either both inside parentheses or with the author names in running text and the date in parentheses. When you use others' ideas in your paper, you should credit them with an in-text citation.
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